[Jan-2024] AIP-210 Dumps Full Questions - Certified AI Practitioner Exam Study Guide
Exam Questions and Answers for AIP-210 Study Guide
NEW QUESTION # 38
Below are three tables: Employees, Departments, and Directors.
Employee_Table
Department_Table
Director_Table
ID
Firstname
Lastname
Age
Salary
DeptJD
4566
Joey
Morin
62
$ 122,000
1
1230
Sam
Clarck
43
$ 95,670
2
9077
Lola
Russell
54
$ 165,700
3
1346
Lily
Cotton
46
$ 156,000
4
2088
Beckett
Good
52
$ 165,000
5
Which SQL query provides the Directors' Firstname, Lastname, the name of their departments, and the average employee's salary?
- A. SELECT m.Firstname, m.Lastname, d.Name, AVG(e.Salary) as Dept_avg_Salary FROM Employee_Table as e RIGHT JOIN Departmentjable as d on e.Dept = d.Name INNER JOIN Directorjable as m on d.ID = m.DeptJD GROUP BY d.Name
- B. SELECT m.Firstname, m.Lastname, d.Name, AVG(e.Salary) as Dept_avg_Salary FROM Employee_Table as e RIGHT JOIN Department_Table as d on e.Dept = d.Name INNER JOIN Directorjable as m on d.ID = m.DeptID GROUP BY m.Firstname, m.Lastname, d.Name
- C. SELECT m.Firstname, m.Lastname, d.Name, AVG(e.Salary) as Dept_avg_Salary FROM Employee_Table as e RIGHT JOIN Department_Table as d on e.Dept = d.Name INNER JOIN Directorjable as m on d.ID = m.DeptJD GROUP BY e.Salary
- D. SELECT m.Firstname, m.Lastname, d.Name, AVG(e.Saiary) as Dept_avg_Saiary FROM Employee_Table as e LEFT JOIN Department_Table as d on e.Dept = d.Name LEFT JOIN Directorjable as m on d.ID = m.DeptJD GROUP BY m.Firstname, m.Lastname, d.Name
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
This SQL query provides the Directors' Firstname, Lastname, the name of their departments, and the average employee's salary by joining the three tables using the appropriate join types and conditions. The RIGHT JOIN between Employee_Table and Department_Table ensures that all departments are included in the result, even if they have no employees. The INNER JOIN between Department_Table and Directorjable ensures that only departments with directors are included in the result. The GROUP BY clause groups the result by the directors' names and departments' names, and calculates the average salary for each group using the AVG function. References: SQL Joins - W3Schools, SQL GROUP BY Statement - W3Schools
NEW QUESTION # 39
Which of the following is a common negative side effect of not using regularization?
- A. Slow convergence time
- B. Overfitting
- C. Higher compute resources
- D. Low test accuracy
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
Overfitting is a common negative side effect of not using regularization. Regularization is a technique that reduces the complexity of a model by adding a penalty term to the loss function, which prevents the model from learning too many parameters that may fit the noise in the training data. Overfitting occurs when the model performs well on the training data but poorly on the test data or new data, because it has memorized the training data and cannot generalize well. References: Regularization (mathematics) - Wikipedia, Overfitting in Machine Learning: What It Is and How to Prevent It
NEW QUESTION # 40
Which two of the following decrease technical debt in ML systems? (Select two.)
- A. Model complexity
- B. Documentation readability
- C. Design anti-patterns
- D. Refactoring
- E. Boundary erosion
Answer: B,D
Explanation:
Explanation
Technical debt is a metaphor that describes the implied cost of additional work or rework caused by choosing an easy or quick solution over a better but more complex solution. Technical debt can accumulate in ML systems due to various factors, such as changing requirements, outdated code, poor documentation, or lack of testing. Some of the ways to decrease technical debt in ML systems are:
Documentation readability: Documentation readability refers to how easy it is to understand and use the documentation of an ML system. Documentation readability can help reduce technical debt by providing clear and consistent information about the system's design, functionality, performance, and maintenance. Documentation readability can also facilitate communication and collaboration among different stakeholders, such as developers, testers, users, and managers.
Refactoring: Refactoring is the process of improving the structure and quality of code without changing its functionality. Refactoring can help reduce technical debt by eliminating code smells, such as duplication, complexity, or inconsistency. Refactoring can also enhance the readability, maintainability, and extensibility of code.
NEW QUESTION # 41
You have a dataset with thousands of features, all of which are categorical. Using these features as predictors, you are tasked with creating a prediction model to accurately predict the value of a continuous dependent variable. Which of the following would be appropriate algorithms to use? (Select two.)
- A. Ridge regression
- B. K-means
- C. K-nearest neighbors
- D. Lasso regression
- E. Logistic regression
Answer: A,D
Explanation:
Explanation
Lasso regression and ridge regression are both types of linear regression models that can handle high-dimensional and categorical data. They use regularization techniques to reduce the complexity of the model and avoid overfitting. Lasso regression uses L1 regularization, which adds a penalty term proportional to the absolute value of the coefficients to the loss function. This can shrink some coefficients to zero and perform feature selection. Ridge regression uses L2 regularization, which adds a penalty term proportional to the square of the coefficients to the loss function. This can shrink all coefficients towards zero and reduce multicollinearity. References: [Lasso (statistics) - Wikipedia], [Ridge regression - Wikipedia]
NEW QUESTION # 42
A company is developing a merchandise sales application The product team uses training data to teach the AI model predicting sales, and discovers emergent bias. What caused the biased results?
- A. The AI model was trained in winter and applied in summer.
- B. The training data used was inaccurate.
- C. The application was migrated from on-premise to a public cloud.
- D. The team set flawed expectations when training the model.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
Emergent bias is a type of bias that arises when an AI model encounters new or different data or scenarios that were not present or accounted for during its training or development. Emergent bias can cause the model to make inaccurate or unfair predictions or decisions, as it may not be able to generalize well to new situations or adapt to changing conditions. One possible cause of emergent bias is seasonality, which means that some variables or patterns in the data may vary depending on the time of year. For example, if an AI model for merchandise sales prediction was trained in winter and applied in summer, it may produce biased results due to differences in customer behavior, demand, or preferences.
NEW QUESTION # 43
Which of the following are true about the transform-design pattern for a machine learning pipeline? (Select three.) It aims to separate inputs from features.
- A. It represents steps in the pipeline with a directed acyclic graph (DAG).
- B. It encapsulates the processing steps of ML pipelines.
- C. It transforms the output data after production.
- D. It seeks to isolate individual steps of ML pipelines.
- E. It ensures reproducibility.
Answer: B,D,E
Explanation:
Explanation
The transform-design pattern for ML pipelines aims to separate inputs from features, encapsulate the processing steps of ML pipelines, and represent steps in the pipeline with a DAG. These goals help to make the pipeline modular, reusable, and easy to understand. The transform-design pattern does not seek to isolate individual steps of ML pipelines, as this would create entanglement and dependency issues. It also does not transform the output data after production, as this would violate the principle of separation of concerns.
NEW QUESTION # 44
Which of the following is NOT an activation function?
- A. Sigmoid
- B. Additive
- C. Hyperbolic tangent
- D. ReLU
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
An activation function is a function that determines the output of a neuron in a neural network based on its input. An activation function can introduce non-linearity into a neural network, which allows it to model complex and non-linear relationships between inputs and outputs. Some of the common activation functions are:
Sigmoid: A sigmoid function is a function that maps any real value to a value between 0 and 1. It has an S-shaped curve and is often used for binary classification or probability estimation.
Hyperbolic tangent: A hyperbolic tangent function is a function that maps any real value to a value between -1 and 1. It has a similar shape to the sigmoid function but is symmetric around the origin. It is often used for regression or classification problems.
ReLU: A ReLU (rectified linear unit) function is a function that maps any negative value to 0 and any positive value to itself. It has a piecewise linear shape and is often used for hidden layers in deep neural networks.
Additive is not an activation function, but rather a term that describes a property of some functions. Additive functions are functions that satisfy the condition f(x+y) = f(x) + f(y) for any x and y. Additive functions are linear functions, which means they have a constant slope and do not introduce non-linearity.
NEW QUESTION # 45
Which of the following principles supports building an ML system with a Privacy by Design methodology?
- A. Avoiding mechanisms to explain and justify automated decisions.
- B. Collecting and processing the largest amount of data possible.
- C. Understanding, documenting, and displaying data lineage.
- D. Utilizing quasi-identifiers and non-unique identifiers, alone or in combination.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
Data lineage is the process of tracking the origin, transformation, and usage of data throughout its lifecycle. It helps to ensure data quality, integrity, and provenance. Data lineage also supports the Privacy by Design methodology, which is a framework that aims to embed privacy principles into the design and operation of systems, processes, and products that involve personal data. By understanding, documenting, and displaying data lineage, an ML system can demonstrate how it collects, processes, stores, and deletes personal data in a transparent and accountable manner3 .
NEW QUESTION # 46
Why do data skews happen in the ML pipeline?
- A. There is a mismatch between live output data and offline data.
- B. Test and evaluation data are designed incorrectly.
- C. There is insufficient training data for evaluation.
- D. There Is a mismatch between live input data and offline data.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
Data skews happen in the ML pipeline when the distribution or characteristics of the live input data differ from those of the offline data used for training and testing the model. This can lead to a degradation of the model performance and accuracy, as the model is not able to generalize well to new data. Data skews can be caused by various factors, such as changes in user behavior, data collection methods, data quality issues, or external events. References: What is training-serving skew in Machine Learning?, Data preprocessing for ML: options and recommendations
NEW QUESTION # 47
An AI practitioner incorporates risk considerations into a deployment plan and decides to log and store historical predictions for potential, future access requests.
Which ethical principle is this an example of?
- A. Safety
- B. Transparency
- C. Privacy
- D. Fairness
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
Transparency is an ethical principle that describes the degree to which an AI system can provide clear and understandable information about its inputs, outputs, processes, and decisions. Transparency can help increase trust and confidence among users and stakeholders, as well as enable accountability and responsibility for the system's actions and outcomes. Logging and storing historical predictions for potential, future access requests is an example of transparency, as it can help provide evidence and explanation for the system's recommendations, as well as facilitate auditing and feedback.
NEW QUESTION # 48
Which of the following algorithms is an example of unsupervised learning?
- A. Ridge regression
- B. Principal components analysis
- C. Neural networks
- D. Random forest
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
Unsupervised learning is a type of machine learning that involves finding patterns or structures in unlabeled data without any predefined outcome or feedback. Unsupervised learning can be used for various tasks, such as clustering, dimensionality reduction, anomaly detection, or association rule mining. Some of the common algorithms for unsupervised learning are:
Principal components analysis: Principal components analysis (PCA) is a method that reduces the dimensionality of data by transforming it into a new set of orthogonal variables (principal components) that capture the maximum amount of variance in the data. PCA can help simplify and visualize high-dimensional data, as well as remove noise or redundancy from the data.
K-means clustering: K-means clustering is a method that partitions data into k groups (clusters) based on their similarity or distance. K-means clustering can help discover natural or hidden groups in the data, as well as identify outliers or anomalies in the data.
Apriori algorithm: Apriori algorithm is a method that finds frequent itemsets (sets of items that occur together frequently) and association rules (rules that describe how items are related or correlated) in transactional data. Apriori algorithm can help discover patterns or insights in the data, such as customer behavior, preferences, or recommendations.
NEW QUESTION # 49
Which of the following tools would you use to create a natural language processing application?
- A. DeepDream
- B. NLTK
- C. Azure Search
- D. AWS DeepRacer
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
NLTK (Natural Language Toolkit) is a Python library that provides a set of tools and resources for natural language processing (NLP). NLP is a branch of AI that deals with analyzing, understanding, and generating natural language texts or speech. NLTK offers modules for various NLP tasks, such as tokenization, stemming, lemmatization, parsing, tagging, chunking, sentiment analysis, named entity recognition, machine translation, text summarization, and more .
NEW QUESTION # 50
Normalization is the transformation of features:
- A. Into the normal distribution.
- B. To different scales from each other.
- C. By subtracting from the mean and dividing by the standard deviation.
- D. So that they are on a similar scale.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
Normalization is the transformation of features so that they are on a similar scale, usually between 0 and 1 or
-1 and 1. This can help reduce the influence of outliers and improve the performance of some machine learning algorithms that are sensitive to the scale of the features, such as gradient descent, k-means, or k-nearest neighbors. References: [Feature scaling - Wikipedia], [Normalization vs Standardization - Quantitative analysis]
NEW QUESTION # 51
Which of the following is the correct definition of the quality criteria that describes completeness?
- A. The degree to which a set of measures are specified using the same units of measure in all systems.
- B. The degree to which all required measures are known.
- C. The degree to which the measures conform to defined business rules or constraints.
- D. The degree to which a set of measures are equivalent across systems.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
Completeness is a quality criterion that describes the degree to which all required measures are known.
Completeness can help assess the coverage and availability of data for a given purpose or analysis.
Completeness can be measured by comparing the actual number of measures with the expected number of measures, or by identifying and counting any missing, null, or unknown values in the data.
NEW QUESTION # 52 
The graph is an elbow plot showing the inertia or within-cluster sum of squares on the y-axis and number of clusters (also called K) on the x-axis, denoting the change in inertia as the clusters change using k-means algorithm.
What would be an optimal value of K to ensure a good number of clusters?
- A. 0
- B. 1
- C. 2
- D. 3
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
The optimal value of K is the one that minimizes the inertia or within-cluster sum of squares, while avoiding too many clusters that may overfit the data. The elbow plot shows a sharp decrease in inertia from K = 1 to K
= 2, and then a more gradual decrease from K = 2 to K = 3. After K = 3, the inertia does not change much as K increases. Therefore, the elbow point is at K = 3, which is the optimal value of K for this data. References:
How to Run K-Means Clustering in Python, K-means clustering - Wikipedia
NEW QUESTION # 53
In a self-driving car company, ML engineers want to develop a model for dynamic pathing. Which of following approaches would be optimal for this task?
- A. Dijkstra Algorithm
- B. Supervised Learning.
- C. Reinforcement learning
- D. Unsupervised Learning
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
Reinforcement learning is a type of machine learning that involves learning from trial and error based on rewards and penalties. Reinforcement learning can be used to develop models for dynamic pathing, which is the problem of finding an optimal path from one point to another in an uncertain and changing environment.
Reinforcement learning can enable the model to adapt to new situations and learn from its own actions and feedback. For example, a self-driving car company can use reinforcement learning to train its model to navigate complex traffic scenarios and avoid collisions .
NEW QUESTION # 54
Which of the following describes a typical use case of video tracking?
- A. Video composition
- B. Traffic monitoring
- C. Medical diagnosis
- D. Augmented dreaming
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
Video tracking is a technique that involves detecting and following moving objects in a video sequence. Video tracking can be used for various applications, such as surveillance, security, sports analysis, and human-computer interaction. One typical use case of video tracking is traffic monitoring, where video tracking can help measure traffic flow, detect congestion, identify violations, and optimize traffic signals.
NEW QUESTION # 55
Which of the following is a privacy-focused law that an AI practitioner should adhere to while designing and adapting an AI system that utilizes personal data?
- A. Sarbanes Oxley (SOX)
- B. General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)
- C. PCIDSS
- D. ISO/IEC 27001
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is a privacy-focused law that an AI practitioner should adhere to while designing and adapting an AI system that utilizes personal data. The GDPR applies to any organization that processes personal data of individuals in the European Union (EU), regardless of where the organization is located. The GDPR grants individuals rights over their personal data, such as the right to access, rectify, erase, restrict, or object to its processing. The GDPR also imposes obligations on organizations that process personal data, such as the duty to obtain consent, conduct data protection impact assessments, implement data protection by design and by default, and ensure accountability and transparency. The GDPR also addresses some specific issues related to AI, such as automated decision-making, profiling, and data portability.
NEW QUESTION # 56
An organization sells house security cameras and has asked their data scientists to implement a model to detect human feces, as distinguished from animals, so they can alert th customers only when a human gets close to their house.
Which of the following algorithms is an appropriate option with a correct reason?
- A. Neural network model, because this is a classification problem with a large number of features.
- B. k-means, because this is a clustering problem with a small number of features.
- C. A decision tree algorithm, because the problem is a classification problem with a small number of features.
- D. Logistic regression, because this is a classification problem and our data is linearly separable.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
Neural network models are suitable for classification problems with a large number of features, because they can learn complex and non-linear patterns from high-dimensional data. They can also handle image data, which is likely to be the input for the human face detection problem. Neural networks can also be trained using transfer learning, which can leverage pre-trained models on similar tasks and improve the accuracy and efficiency of the model. References: [Neural network - Wikipedia], [Transfer Learning - Machine Learning's Next Frontier]
NEW QUESTION # 57
For each of the last 10 years, your team has been collecting data from a group of subjects, including their age and numerous biomarkers collected from blood samples. You are tasked with creating a prediction model of age using the biomarkers as input. You start by performing a linear regression using all of the data over the
10-year period, with age as the dependent variable and the biomarkers as predictors.
Which assumption of linear regression is being violated?
- A. Linearity
- B. Equality of variance (Homoscedastidty)
- C. Independence
- D. Normality
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
Independence is an assumption of linear regression that states that the errors (residuals) of the model are independent of each other, meaning that they are not correlated or influenced by previous or subsequent errors.
Independence can be violated when the data has serial correlation or autocorrelation, which means that the value of a variable at a given time depends on its previous or future values. This can happen when the data is collected over time (time series) or over space (spatial data). In this case, the data is collected over time from a group of subjects, which may introduce serial correlation among the errors.
NEW QUESTION # 58
A healthcare company experiences a cyberattack, where the hackers were able to reverse-engineer a dataset to break confidentiality.
Which of the following is TRUE regarding the dataset parameters?
- A. The model is overfitted and trained on a high quantity of patient records.
- B. The model is underfitted and trained on a high quantity of patient records.
- C. The model is underfitted and trained on a low quantity of patient records.
- D. The model is overfitted and trained on a low quantity of patient records.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
Overfitting is a problem that occurs when a model learns too much from the training data and fails to generalize well to new or unseen data. Overfitting can result from using a low quantity of training data, a high complexity of the model, or a lack of regularization. Overfitting can also increase the risk of reverse-engineering a dataset from a model's outputs, as the model may reveal too much information about the specific features or patterns of the training data. This can break the confidentiality of the data and expose sensitive information about the individuals in the dataset .
NEW QUESTION # 59
R-squared is a statistical measure that:
- A. Represents the extent to which two random variables vary together.
- B. Combines precision and recall of a classifier into a single metric by taking their harmonic mean.
- C. Is the proportion of the variance for a dependent variable thaf' s explained by independent variables.
- D. Expresses the extent to which two variables are linearly related.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
R-squared is a statistical measure that indicates how well a regression model fits the data. R-squared is calculated by dividing the explained variance by the total variance. The explained variance is the amount of variation in the dependent variable that can be attributed to the independent variables. The total variance is the amount of variation in the dependent variable that can be observed in the data. R-squared ranges from 0 to 1, where 0 means no fit and 1 means perfect fit.
NEW QUESTION # 60
What is the open framework designed to help detect, respond to, and remediate threats in ML systems?
- A. OWASP Threat and Safeguard Matrix
- B. Adversarial ML Threat Matrix
- C. MITRE ATT&CK Matrix
- D. Threat Susceptibility Matrix
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
The Adversarial ML Threat Matrix is an open framework designed to help detect, respond to, and remediate threats in ML systems. The Adversarial ML Threat Matrix is inspired by the MITRE ATT&CK Matrix1, which is a framework for describing cyberattacks across various stages of an attack lifecycle. The Adversarial ML Threat Matrix adapts this framework to address specific threats and vulnerabilities in ML systems, such as data poisoning, model stealing, model evasion, or model inversion2. The Adversarial ML Threat Matrix provides a structured way to organize and classify adversarial techniques, tactics, procedures, examples, and mitigations for ML systems2.
NEW QUESTION # 61
Which two techniques are used to build personas in the ML development lifecycle? (Select two.)
- A. Population triage
- B. Population variance
- C. Population regression
- D. Population estimates
- E. Population resampling
Answer: A,D
Explanation:
Explanation
Personas are fictional characters that represent the potential users or customers of an ML system. Personas can help understand the needs, goals, preferences, and behaviors of the target audience, as well as design and evaluate the system from their perspective. Some of the techniques that are used to build personas in the ML development lifecycle are:
Population estimates: Population estimates are statistical methods that estimate the size, characteristics, and distribution of a population based on a sample or a census. Population estimates can help identify and quantify the potential market segments and user groups for an ML system, as well as their demographics, locations, and behaviors.
Population triage: Population triage is a process of prioritizing and selecting the most relevant and representative personas for an ML system based on some criteria or metrics. Population triage can help focus on the key user needs and scenarios, as well as avoid creating too many or too few personas.
NEW QUESTION # 62
......
CertNexus AIP-210 Exam Syllabus Topics:
| Topic | Details |
|---|---|
| Topic 1 |
|
| Topic 2 |
|
| Topic 3 |
|
CertNexus Certified Artificial Intelligence Practitioner (CAIP) Free Update With 100% Exam Passing Guarantee: https://www.pass4cram.com/AIP-210_free-download.html
Real Exam Questions and Answers - CertNexus AIP-210 Dump is Ready: https://drive.google.com/open?id=1zaW_t10Byxnd67QQ8ZCF0p9ErMtM1Ui3