[2024] NSE7_NST-7.2 by Fortinet Certification Actual Free Exam Practice Test
Free Fortinet Certification NSE7_NST-7.2 Exam Question
NEW QUESTION # 23
Refer to the exhibit, which shows a truncated output of a real-time RADIUS debug.
Which two statements are true? (Choose two.)
- A. Authentication was unsuccessful.
- B. The authentication scheme used was pop3.
- C. Two-factor authentication was required.
- D. Authentication was successful
- E. The RADIUS server queried for authentication is located at IP address 172.25.188.164.
Answer: A,E
Explanation:
* RADIUS Server IP Address:
* The debug output shows that the RADIUS request was sent to the server atIP=172.25.188.164.
This indicates that the RADIUS server being queried for authentication is indeed located at this IP address.
* Authentication Result:
* The debug output includes a line indicating the result for the RADIUS server:Result for radius svr 'RadiusServer' 172.25.188.164(0) is 0. A result code of0typically signifies that the authentication attempt was unsuccessful.
* Authentication Scheme:
* The debug output does not indicate that the authentication scheme used was pop3; it mentions using CHAP (Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol).
* Two-factor Authentication:
* There is no indication in the debug output that two-factor authentication was required for this session.
References
* Fortinet Network Security 7.2 Support Engineer Documentation
* RADIUS Authentication Configuration and Debugging Guides
NEW QUESTION # 24
Exhibit.
Refer to the exhibit, which contains partial output from an IKE real-time debug.
The administrator does not have access to the remote gateway.
Based on the debug output, which configuration change can the administrator make to the local gateway to resolve the phase 1 negotiation error?
- A. In the phase 1 proposal configuration, add AES256-SHA256 to the list of encryption algorithms.
- B. In the phase 1 proposal configuration, add AESCBC-SHA2 to the list of encryption algorithms.
- C. In the phase 1 network configuration, set the IKE version to 2.
- D. In the phase 1 proposal configuration, add AES128-SHA128 to the list of encryption algorithms.
Answer: A
Explanation:
* Analyzing Debug Output:
* The debug output shows multiple proposals with encryption algorithms likeAES CBCand hashing algorithms likeSHA256.
* The negotiation failure (no SA proposal chosen) suggests that there is a mismatch in the encryption or hashing algorithms between the local and remote gateways.
* Configuration Change:
* To resolve the phase 1 negotiation error, the local gateway needs to include a compatible proposal.
* AddingAES256-SHA256to the phase 1 proposal configuration ensures that both gateways have a matching set of encryption and hashing algorithms.
References:
* Fortinet Documentation: Configuring IPsec Tunnels(Fortinet Docs)(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!).
* Fortinet Community: Troubleshooting IKE Negotiation Failures(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!).
NEW QUESTION # 25
Refer to the exhibit, which shows the output of a real-time debug.
Which statement about this output is true?
- A. This web request was inspected using the rtgd-allowweb filter profile.
- B. The server hostname was extracted from the SNI in the client request, or from the CN in the server certificate
- C. FortiGate found the requested URL in its local cache.
- D. The requested URL belongs to category ID 255.
Answer: B
Explanation:
The exhibit displays the output of a real-time debug of the URL filtering process on a FortiGate device. The debug output includes various details about a web request being processed.
* SNI (Server Name Indication): This is part of the SSL/TLS handshake where the client specifies the hostname it is trying to connect to. FortiGate can use this information to apply appropriate web filtering rules based on the server name.
* CN (Common Name): This is a field in the server's SSL certificate that typically contains the server's hostname. FortiGate can extract this information to verify the identity of the server and apply security policies accordingly.
Given that the debug output includes the hostname "training.fortinet.com," it is likely derived from the SNI in the client's request or the CN in the server's certificate, indicating that FortiGate is using this information to process the web request.
References
* Fortinet Community Documentation on Real-time Debugging
NEW QUESTION # 26
What are two functions of automation stitches? (Choose two.)
- A. An automation stitch configured to execute actions sequentially can take parameters from previous actions as input for the current action.
- B. You can set an automation stitch configured to execute actions in parallel to insert a specific delay between actions.
- C. You can create automation stitches to run diagnostic commands and attach the results to an email message when CPU or memory usage exceeds specified thresholds.
- D. You can configure automation stitches on any FortiGate device in a Security Fabric environment.
Answer: A,C
Explanation:
* Automation Stitches Overview:
* Automation stitches in FortiOS allow administrators to automate responses to specific events, such as running diagnostic commands or taking corrective actions when certain thresholds are exceeded.
* Diagnostic Commands and Alerts:
* Automation stitches can be configured to run diagnostic commands and attach the results to email alerts. This is useful for monitoring and troubleshooting purposes, particularly when CPU or memory usage exceeds set thresholds.
* Sequential Execution with Parameters:
* When actions are executed sequentially, each action can take parameters from the previous action as input. This enables more complex workflowsand automation sequences where the output of one action influences the next.
References:
* Fortinet Documentation: Configuring and using automation stitches(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)(Hammertux).
* Fortinet Community: Automation stitches and their applications in FortiOS(Hammertux)(Fortinet GURU).
NEW QUESTION # 27
Refer to the exhibit, which shows the omitted output of FortiOS kernel slabs.
Which statement is true?
- A. The total slab size of the ip6_session slab is 1300 kB and is associated with the kernel.
- B. The total slab size of the sctp_session slab is 0 kB and is associated with the user space
- C. The total slab size of the tcp_sessior. slab Is 7500 kB and is associated with the kernel.
- D. The total slab size of the ip_session slab is 3600 kB and is associated with the user space.
Answer: A
Explanation:
* Kernel Slabs Overview:
* The slab allocator in the Linux kernel is used for efficient memory management. It groups objects of the same type into caches, which are divided into slabs.
* Each slab contains multiple objects and helps to minimize fragmentation and enhance memory allocation efficiency.
* Interpreting the Exhibit:
* The exhibit shows output related to various kernel slab caches.
* The line forip6_sessionindicates that there are 1300 kB allocated for this slab, which means the total memory size allocated for IPv6 session objects in the kernel is 1300 kB.
References:
* Fortinet Community: Explanation of kernel slab allocation and usage(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)(Hammertux).
* Linux Kernel Documentation: Slab Allocator details(Hammertux).
NEW QUESTION # 28
Exhibit.
Refer to the exhibit, which shows the omitted output of diagnose npu np6 port-list on a FortiGate1500D.
An administrator is unable to analyze traffic flowing between port1 and port7 using the diagnose sniffer command.
Which two commands allow the administrator to view the traffic? (Choose two.)
- A.
- B.
- C.
- D.
Answer: B,D
Explanation:
* Diagnose NPU NP6 Port-list Disable Command:
* Thediagnose npu np6 port-list disablecommand disables specific ports on the NP6 processor.
This can help in cases where you need to analyze traffic and the hardware offloading is interfering.
* Command:diagnose npu np6 port-list disable 5 17(as shown in Option A).
* Diagnose NPU NP6 Fastpath Disable Command:
* Disabling the fastpath feature on NP6 can also allow for better visibility into the traffic as it bypasses hardware acceleration, which might obscure traffic details.
* Command:diagnose npu np6 fastpath disable 0(as shown in Option C).
References:
* Fortinet Documentation on Troubleshooting BGP and NPU Settings(Fortinet Docs).
* Fortinet Community Technical Notes on NPU and Traffic Analysis(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!).
NEW QUESTION # 29
Consider the scenario where the server name indication (SNI) does not match either the common name (CN) or any of the subject alternative names (SAN) in the server certificate. Which action will FortiGate take when using the default settingsfor SSL certificate inspection?
- A. FortiGate uses the SNI from the user's web browser.
- B. FortiGate uses the 31 information from the Subject field in the server certificate.
- C. FortiGate closes the connection because this represents an invalid SSL/TLS configuration
- D. FortiGate uses the first entry listed in the SAN field in the server certificate.
Answer: C
Explanation:
* SNI and Certificate Mismatch:When the Server Name Indication (SNI) does not match either the Common Name (CN) or any of the Subject Alternative Names (SAN) in the server certificate, FortiGate's default behavior is to consider this as an invalid SSL/TLS configuration.
* Default Action:FortiGate, under default settings for SSL certificate inspection, will close the connection to prevent potential security risks associated with mismatched certificates.
References:
* Fortinet Community: SSL Certificate Inspection Configuration and Behavior(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!).
NEW QUESTION # 30
Refer to the exhibit,which shows the output of a diagnose command
What two conclusions can you draw from the output shown in the exhibit? (Choose two.)
- A. Traffic in the original direction (coming from the IP address 10.171.121.38) will be routed to the next-hop IP address 10.0.1.10.
- B. Traffic in the original direction (coming from the IP address 10.171.121.38) will be routed to the next-hop IP address 10.200.1.1.
- C. This is an expected session created by the IPS engine.
- D. This is a pinhole session created to allow traffic for a protocol that requires additional sessions to operate through FortiGate.
Answer: A,D
Explanation:
* Session Creation:The output shows an expected session, likely due to a pinhole, which is a dynamically created rule to allow specific traffic through the firewall.
* Routing Decision:
* The original direction of traffic comes from the IP address 10.171.121.38.
* The next-hop IP address for this traffic is 10.0.1.10 as indicated by the routing decision in the output.
* Pinhole Session:Pinhole sessions are typically created for protocols that require additional sessions (e.g., FTP, SIP) to function properly. This ensures the necessary traffic can pass through the firewall.
* Debugging Commands:Thediagnose sys session listcommand is used to list session information, which helps in understanding traffic flow and troubleshooting connectivity issues.
References:
* Fortinet Network Security Support Engineer Study Guide for FortiOS 7.2(ebin.pub).
* General IPsec VPN configuration from Fortinet documentation(Fortinet Docs).
NEW QUESTION # 31
Which statement about IKE and IKE NAT-T is true?
- A. IKE is used to encapsulate ESP traffic in some situations, and IKE NAT-T is used only when the local FortiGate is using NAT on the IPsec interface.
- B. They each use their own IP protocol number.
- C. IKE is the standard implementation for IKEv1and IKE NAT-T is an extension added in IKEv2.
- D. They both use UDP as their transport protocol and the port number is configurable.
Answer: D
Explanation:
* IKE (Internet Key Exchange):IKE is a protocol used to set up a security association (SA) in the IPsec protocol suite. It is utilized to negotiate, create, and manage SAs.
* NAT-T (Network Address Translation-Traversal):NAT-T is used to enable IPsec VPN traffic to pass through NAT devices. It encapsulates IPsec ESP packets into UDP packets.
* Transport Protocol:Both IKE and IKE NAT-T use UDP as their transport protocol.
* Port Numbers:By default, IKE uses UDP port 500. NAT-T typically uses UDP port 4500. However, these port numbers can be configured as needed.
References:
* Fortinet Network Security Support Engineer Study Guide for FortiOS 7.2(Fortinet Docs)(ebin.pub).
* Fortinet Documentation on IPsec VPN Configuration(Fortinet Docs).
NEW QUESTION # 32
Which exchange lakes care of DoS protection in IKEv2?
- A. IKE_Auth
- B. IKE_SA_INIT
- C. Create_CHILD_SA
- D. IKE_Req_INIT
Answer: B
Explanation:
* IKE_SA_INIT Exchange:
* The IKE_SA_INIT exchange is the first step in the IKEv2 negotiation process. It is responsible for setting up the initial security association (SA) and performing Diffie-Hellman key exchange.
* During this exchange, the responder may employ various measures to protect against Denial of Service (DoS) attacks, such as rate limiting and the use of puzzles to increase the computational cost for an attacker.
* DoS Protection Mechanisms:
* One key method involves limiting the number of half-open SAs from any single IP address or subnet.
* The IKE_SA_INIT exchange can also incorporate the use of stateless cookies, which help to verify the initiator's legitimacy without requiring extensive resource allocation by the responder until the initiator is verified.
References:
* RFC 5996: Internet Key Exchange Protocol Version 2 (IKEv2)(RFC Editor).
* RFC 8019: Protecting Internet Key Exchange Protocol Version 2 (IKEv2) Implementations from Distributed Denial-of-Service Attacks(IETF Datatracker).
NEW QUESTION # 33
Refer to the exhibits.
An administrator is attempting to advertise the network configured on port3. However, FGT-A is not receiving the prefix.
Which two actions can the administrator take to fix this problem'' (Choose two.)
- A. Manually add the BGP route on FGT-A.
- B. Restart BGP using a soft reset, which forces both peers to exchange their complete BGP routing tables.
- C. Use the set network-import-check disable command.
- D. Modify the prefix using the network command from 172.16.0.0/16 to 172.16.54.0724.
Answer: B,C
Explanation:
* Soft Reset of BGP:
* Performing a soft reset of BGP is a common method to resolve issues where prefixes are not being
* received. It forces both BGP peers to resend their complete routing tables to each other.
* This can be done using the command:execute router clear bgp soft inandexecute router clear bgp soft out.
* Network Import Check:
* Thenetwork-import-checkcommand controls whether the FortiGate should verify that the prefix exists in the routing table before advertising it.
* Disabling this check can resolve issues where valid prefixes are not advertised due to stringent verification.
* The command to disable this is:config router bgp set network-import-check disable end.
* BGP Configuration Verification:
* Ensure that the BGP configuration on FGT-B is correctly set to advertise the network
172.16.54.0/24.
* Verify that the network statement is correctly configured and matches the intended prefix.
References:
* Fortinet Community: Technical Note on Configuring BGP(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!).
* Fortinet Documentation: Configuring BGP on FortiGate(Fortinet Document Library).
NEW QUESTION # 34
What is the diagnosetest applicationipsmonitor 5 command used for?
- A. To disable the IPS engine
- B. To enable IPS bypass mode
- C. To restart all IPS engines and monitors
- D. To provide information regarding IPS sessions
Answer: C
Explanation:
The commanddiagnose test application ipsmonitor 5is used to restart all IPS (Intrusion Prevention System) engines and monitors on the FortiGate device. This command is part of the diagnostic tools available for troubleshooting and maintaining the IPS functionality on the FortiGate.
* Running this command forces the IPS system to reset and reinitialize, which can be useful in situations where the IPS functionality appears to be malfunctioning or not responding correctly.
* This action helps in clearing any issues that might have arisen due to internal errors or misconfigurations, ensuring that the IPS engines operate correctly after the restart.
NEW QUESTION # 35
Which two statements about conserve mode are true? (Choose two.)
- A. FortiGate starts taking the configured action for new sessions requiring content inspection when the system memory reaches the configured red threshold.
- B. FortiGate starts dropping all new sessions when the system memory reaches the configured red threshold.
- C. FortiGate exits conserve mode when the system memory goes below the configured green threshold
- D. FortiGate enters conserve mode when the system memory reaches the configured extreme threshold.
Answer: B,C
Explanation:
* Conserve Mode Activation:
* FortiGate enters conserve mode to prevent system crashes when the memory usage reaches critical levels. The "red threshold" is the point at which FortiGate starts dropping new sessions to conserve memory.
* When the system memory usage exceeds this threshold, the FortiGate will block new sessions that require significant memory resources, such as those needing content inspection.
* Exiting Conserve Mode:
* The "green threshold" is the memory usage level below which FortiGate exits conserve mode and resumes normal operation.
* Once the system memory usage drops below this threshold, FortiGate will start allowing new sessions again.
References:
* Fortinet Community: Understanding conserve mode and its thresholds(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!).
* Fortinet Documentation: Memory conserve mode and thresholds(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)(Fortinet GURU).
NEW QUESTION # 36
Refer to the exhibit.
FortiGate has already been configured with a firewall policy that allows all ICMP traffic to flow from port1 to port3.
Which changes must the administrator perform to ensure the server at 10.4.0.1/24 receives the echo reply from the laptop at 10.1.0.1/24?
- A. Enable asymmetric routing under config system settings.
- B. Modify the default gateway on thelaptop from 10.1.0.2 to 10.2.0.2
- C. Change the configuration from strict RPF check mode to feasible RPF check mode
- D. A firewall policy that allows all ICMP traffic from port3 to port1.
Answer: D
Explanation:
* Current Configuration Analysis:
* The firewall policy currently allows ICMP traffic from port1 to port3, enabling the ICMP echo request to reach the server.
* However, for the server to send an ICMP echo reply back to the laptop, the traffic must be allowed from port3 to port1.
* Required Configuration:
* To ensure the server at10.4.0.1/24can send the ICMP echo reply back to the laptop at10.1.0.1/24, the administrator needs to configure a new firewall policy.
* The policy must explicitly allow ICMP traffic from port3 to port1.
* Steps to Configure:
* Access the FortiGate configuration interface.
* Navigate to the Firewall Policy section.
* Create a new policy allowing ICMP traffic from port3 to port1.
* Save and apply the new policy to ensure bidirectional ICMP traffic is permitted.
References
* Fortinet Network Security 7.2 Support Engineer Documentation
* FortiGate Firewall Policy Configuration Guides
NEW QUESTION # 37 
Refer to the exhibit, which shows the modified output of the routing kernel.
Which statement is true?
- A. The BGP route to 10.0.4.0/24 is not in the forwarding information base.
- B. The egress interface associated with static route 8.8.8.8/32 is administratively up.
- C. The default static route through port2 is in the forwarding information base.
- D. The default static route through 10.200.1.254 is not in the forwarding information base.
Answer: C
Explanation:
The routing table shown in the exhibit lists all the routes known to the FortiGate device. It includes routes learned through different protocols such as BGP, OSPF, and static routes.
* The entryS * 0.0.0.0/0 [20/0] via 10.200.2.254, port2, [5/0]indicates that there is a static route to the default gateway (0.0.0.0/0) throughport2with a gateway IP of10.200.2.254.
* The asterisk*next to the route signifies that this route is selected and currently active in the forwarding information base (FIB). This means the FortiGate uses this route to forward packets destined for addresses not otherwise specified in the routing table.
References
* Fortinet Documentation on Routing Table
* Fortinet Community Discussion on Routing
NEW QUESTION # 38
There are four exchanges during IKEv2 negotiation.
Which sequence is correct?
- A. lnit_Req, Wait_lnit_Req,ID_Auth_Req and Create_CHILD_SA
- B. IKE_Proposal,ID_Auth, PiggyBack_CHILD and Informational
- C. IKE_SAJNIT, IKE_Auth, Create_CHILD_SA and Informational
- D. INIT_Re, INIT_Auth,ID_Child and SET_Nonce
Answer: C
Explanation:
* IKE_SA_INIT:
* This is the first exchange in IKEv2. It establishes a secure, authenticated channel between peers and negotiates cryptographic algorithms and keys.
* IKE_Auth:
* The second exchange authenticates the IKE SA (Security Association) using the previously negotiated keys and algorithms. This exchange also establishes the first IPsec SA.
* Create_CHILD_SA:
* This exchange creates additional IPsec SAs after the initial authentication. It can also be used to rekey existing IPsec SAs to maintain security.
* Informational:
* This is a generic exchange used for various purposes such as error notification, deletion of SAs, and other control messages.
References:
* Fortinet Community: IKEv2 packet exchanges and troubleshooting
* Fortinet Documentation: IPsec VPN Concepts
NEW QUESTION # 39
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